Crude Oil

Crude Oil is a natural fossil fuel which, once refined, is used to create most of the energy sources used industrially and domestically, from Gasoline and diesel to power vehicles, to jet fuel for aircraft and fuel for ships. It is also used widely in the production of chemical products such as pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilisers, pesticides and plastics.

Crude Oil varies in chemical structure, thickness or viscosity, depending on where in the world the Oil was drilled. It can have a low sulphur content (known as sweet Oil) or higher levels of sulphur (sour Oil), and it can be of lower density (known as light) or higher density(called heavy Oil).

Sweet Oil is typically preferable, because its lower sulphur content makes it easier to refine and less damaging to the environment, while light is preferred to heavy Oil because it gives a higher yield of petroleum.

Crude Oil has been the most important source of energy since the 1950s and is currently the worlds most traded commodity. It is estimated that the world consumes close to 78million barrels a day, with the United States, China and Japan the biggest users. Saudi Arabia, Russia and the United States are the main crude Oil producers.

Different types of crude Oil look different: some are black and viscous, others are brown and fluid. But none of them can be used as is in car engines, oils or manufacturing units. They first have to be converted into various finished products through refining.

Everyone is familiar with the names of most of these products: Gasoline (called petrol in some countries) and diesel are fuels for cars and trucks; jet fuel powers aircraft; liquefied petroleum Gas (LPG-see below), also known as butane and propane, is an automotive fuel or is packaged in bottles and used for household needs; fuel Oil is used in domestic and industrial oils; base Oils are used to produce lubricants; and asphalt (or bitumen) is used to pave roads. There is also naphtha, which is the main feedstock for petrochemicals. In order to diversify the portfolio and add more activities , Der Mond Oil and Gas have decided to also provide any refined products in demands.

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG):

Natural Gas is a hydrocarbon Gas mixture largely made up of methane and some other Gases. The Gas is typically removed from deep underground rock formations with drilling rigs, processed to remove impurities such as water and carbon dioxide, and sold as consumer fuel for heating, cooking or generating wholesale electricity. It is also used to power vehicles and in the manufacture of plastics and chemicals.

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is natural Gas, cooled to minus 161C until it becomes a liquid. It is stored under atmospheric pressure and reduced in volume by the ratio of 1:600.

As a liquid, natural Gas is easier and less costly to transport, particularly where pipeline processing is not available. Once re-gasified at its destination, it serves the same purposes as natural Gas.